There are a number of ways. Theres a good guide here.
Do you only have access cPanel or can you get into WHM as well? If you go into “List accounts” in WHM it will show the username to use. Im not 100% sure but i think you need to sftp as the same account because technically its using SSH.
If its faster you can transfer the zip with transmit, then use the cPanel file manager to unpack it.
@luukee are you using source control and does your project have a package.json file? If so, you can use my bash script for deploys.
There are also bash scripts out there that will fix permissions for you on the files.