Indeed, there is an image that should be loaded, but isn’t. Only the job.json file is there.
The page that calls this is https://roybastien.mxdvl.com and it does make the proper request to the 1280px wide image above, which returns a 404 error.
EDIT: Editing the nginx configuration to remove the following line seems to solve the issue partially:
rewrite ^/kirby/(.*)$ /index.php?$1;