This may be a stupid question, but is there an out-of-the-box solution for a clickable path? 
I mean like the one at the top left when you are in the panel.
Or do I need to set up a custom page method for this?
Thanks in advance!
No built-in solution that outputs predefined HTML.
But you can probably use $page->parents() to get an ordered collection of the parent and ancestors of a page, then iterate on that collection to output the HTML you want.
See $page->parents() | Kirby CMS for the method’s documentation and a basic template example.