Finally it works, thanks a lot!
I used the wrong order, now I can use the virtual page or the normal tag filter with this code in the blog.php controller:
// add the tag filter
if($tag) {
$articles = $articles->filterBy('tags', $tag, ',');
}
if($tag = param('tag')) {
$articles = $articles->filterBy('tags', $tag, ',');
}
Initially I just pasted the mentioned code below the existing one.